There was a time when prefixes were routinely attached to root words with hyphens, but that time has, for the most part, passed. Now, hyphens are the exception, as detailed in the following list, which also provides simple definitions.
ante (before): closed
anti (against): closed except before a proper noun or a word starting with i
bi (twice, two): closed
bio (life): closed
co (with): generally closed; exceptions include co-op and co-opt
counter (opposite): closed
cyber (computer): closed
extra (beyond): closed except before a word starting with a
hyper (above, beyond, excessively): closed
infra (below, within): closed
inter (between): closed
intra (between, during, within): closed
mega (large): closed except before a word starting with a
meta (behind, beyond, changed, later): closed except before a word starting with a
micro (small): closed
mid (middle of): closed except with numbers, proper nouns, and terms of more than one word
mini (short, small): closed
multi (many): closed except before a word starting with i
neo (new): closed except with select proper nouns; check dictionary (lowercase and hyphenate if attached to proper name and term is not in dictionary)
non (not): closed except if attached to hyphenated phrase (use en dash instead of hyphen if attached to term of more than one word)
over (above): closed
post (after): closed except before a proper noun (use en dash instead of hyphen if attached to term of more than one word)
pre (before): closed except before a proper noun (sometimes capitalized in a proper noun—check dictionary; use en dash instead of hyphen if attached to term of more than one word)
pro (for): closed except in pro-life and before a proper noun
proto (beginning, first): closed
pseudo (false): closed except before a proper noun
re (again, back): closed except to avoid confusion as in resign (quit) versus re-sign (sign again)
semi (half of, partly, partially): closed except before a proper noun or a word starting with i
sub (almost, beneath, below, less than): closed
super (beyond, superior): closed
supra (beyond): closed
trans (across, beyond, through): closed
ultra (beyond): closed
un (not): closed except before a proper noun or a word starting with u
under (below): closed
fold (multiplied by): closed except with numerals or with spelled-out numbers that are hyphenated
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Original post: Hyphenation Rules for 35 Prefixes (and 1 Suffix)
from Daily Writing Tips
http://www.dailywritingtips.com/hyphenation-rules-for-35-prefixes-and-1-suffix/
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